Civitella et al. [16]2023RCTN = 60, radical prostatectomy, US-TAP (n = 30) or LAP-TAP (n = 30).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, complications, LOS.No significant difference in post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, complications, or LOS between groups.Diyaolu et al. [17]2021RCTN = 50, pediatric laparoscopic procedures, US-TAP (n = 25) or LAP-TAP (n = 25).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, block completion time.No significant difference in post-op pain scores or opioid consumption between groups. Blocks were faster in the LAP-TAP group compared to the US-TAP group (2.1 ± 1.9 min vs. 7.9 ± 3.4 min, p < 0.001).Doble et al. [18]2018Retrospective reviewN = 39, hernia repair, US-TAP (n = 17) or LAP-TAP (n = 22).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, LOS.Post-op pain score (2.35 vs. 4.18, p = 0.019) and opioid consumption during hospitalization (408.52 vs. 860.92 mg; p = 0.013) were lower in the LAP-TAP group compared to the US-TAP group. No significant difference in LOS between groups.Emile et al. [19]2022RCTN = 110, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, US-TAP (n = 36), LAP-TAP (n = 36), or no TAP (n = 38).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, complications.US-TAP and LAP-TAP groups had lower pain scores and opioid consumption compared to the no TAP group. No significant differences between US-TAP and LAP-TAP groups. No complications reported in any group.La Regina et al. [20]2023RCTN = 112, colorectal surgery, US-TAP (n = 57) or LAP-TAP (n = 55).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, complications, LOS.No significant difference in post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, complications, or LOS between groups.Landmann et al. [21]2018Retrospective reviewN = 330, pediatric cases, US-TAP (n = 125), LAP-TAP (n = 88), or local wound infiltration (n = 117).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, LOS.No significant difference in post-op pain scores or opioid consumption between groups. LAP-TAP group demonstrated a shorter LOS compared to the other groups (p = 0.02).McDonald et al. [22]2022RCTN = 78, gynecology oncology cases, US-TAP (n = 39), or LAP-TAP (n = 39).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption.No difference in pain scores between groups. Significant increase in opioid consumption among LAP-TAP group compared to US-TAP group in first 24 hr post-op (p = 0.018).Narasimhulu et al. [23]2018RCTN = 41, cesarean sections, US-TAP (n = 21), or LAP-TAP (n = 20).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, block completion time.No significant difference in post-op pain scores or opioid consumption between groups. Block completion time was significantly less for the LAP-TAP group compared to the US-TAP group (2.4 vs. 12.1 min, p <0.001).Paasch et al. [24]2020Retrospective reviewN = 116, inguinal hernia repair, US-TAP (n = 58) or LAP-TAP (n = 58).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption.No significant difference in post-op pain scores or opioid consumption between groups.Park et al. [25]2017RCTN = 80, laparoscopic colectomy, US-TAP (n = 40), or LAP-TAP (n = 40).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption.No significant difference in post-op pain scores or opioid consumption between groups.Ravichandran et al. [26]2017RCTN = 60, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, US-TAP (n = 30), or LAP-TAP (n = 30).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, block completion time.No significant difference in post-op pain scores or opioid consumption between groups. Block completion time was significantly less for the LAP-TAP group compared to the US-TAP group (p < 0.05).Sahap et al. [27]2023RCTN = 63, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, US-TAP (n = 21), LAP-TAP (n = 21), or no TAP (n = 21).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption.No significant difference in post-op pain scores or opioid consumption between the US-TAP and LAP-TAP groups. Pain scores were significantly lower in the US-TAP and LAP-TAP groups compared to the no TAP group (p < 0.05).Sharma et al. [28]2023RCTN = 122, bariatric surgery, US-TAP (n = 60), or LAP-TAP (n = 62).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, block completion time, cost of performing block.No significant difference in post-op pain scores or opioid consumption between groups. LAP-TAP had shorter block completion time compared to US-TAP (3.58 min vs. 12.47 min, p < 0.01). The cost of US-TAP was USD 50 greater, on average, than that of LAP-TAP.Soyturk el al. [29]2023RCTN = 170, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, US-TAP (n = 55), LAP-TAP (n = 59), or no TAP (n = 56).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption.The US-TAP and LAP-TAP groups had lower pain scores and opioid consumption compared to the no TAP group. Pain scores 1 and 12 h post-op were higher in the US-TAP group compared to the LAP-TAP group (p < 0.001). No significant differences in opioid consumption between US-TAP and LAP-TAP groups.Urfalioglu et al. [30]2017RCTN = 75, cesarean section, US-TAP (n = 38), or LAP-TAP (n = 37).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, complications, block completion time.No significant difference in post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, or complications between groups. Average block completion time was longer in the US-TAP group than in the LAP-TAP group (10 min vs. 7 min).Venkatraman et al. [31]2020RCTN = 80, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, US-TAP (n = 40) or LAP-TAP (n = 40).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption.No significant difference in post-op pain scores between groups. Post-op opioid consumption was less in the US-TAP group than in the LAP-TAP group (p = 0.049).Wong et al. [32]2020RCTN = 60, laparoscopic colectomies, US-TAP (n = 31), or LAP-TAP (n = 29).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, complications.No significant difference in post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, or complications between groups.Zaghiyan et al. [33]2019RCTN = 107, laparoscopic colorectal surgery, US-TAP (n = 45), LAP-TAP (n = 41), or no TAP (n = 21).Post-op pain scores, opioid consumption, complications, LOS.No significant difference in post-op pain scores, complications, or LOS between all groups. The LAP-TAP group had less post-op opioid consumption compared to both the US-TAP (p = 0.007) and no TAP (p = 0.007) groups.