Applied Sciences, Vol. 15, Pages 11990: An Integrated Rule-Based and Deep Learning Method for Automobile License Plate Image Generation with Enhanced Geometric and Radiometric Details

Applied Sciences doi: 10.3390/app152211990

Authors:
Yuanrui Dong
Zhe Peng
Wende Liu
Haiyong Gan

Automobile license plate image generation represents a pivotal technology for the development of intelligent transportation systems. However, existing methods are constrained by their inability to simultaneously preserve geometric structure and radiometric properties of both license plates and characters. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel framework for generating geometrically and radiometrically consistent license plate images. The proposed radiometric enhancement framework integrates two specialized modules, which are precise geometric rectification and radiometric property learning. The precise geometric rectification module exploits the perspective transformation consistency between character regions and license plate boundaries. By employing a feature matching algorithm based on character endpoint correspondence, this module achieves precise plate rectification, thereby establishing a geometric foundation for maintaining character structural integrity in generated images. The radiometric property learning module implements a precise character inpainting strategy with fluctuation compensation inpainting to reconstruct background regions, followed by a character-wise style transfer approach to ensure both geometric and radiometric consistency with realistic automobile license plates. Furthermore, we introduce a physical validation and evaluation method to quantitatively assess image quality. Comprehensive evaluation on real-world datasets demonstrate that our method achieves superior performance, with a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 13.83 dB and a structural similarity index measure (SSIM) of 0.57, representing significant improvements over comparative methods in preserving both structural integrity and radiometric properties. This framework effectively enhances the visual fidelity and reliability of generated automobile license plate images, thereby providing high-quality data for intelligent transportation recognition systems while advancing license plate image generation technology.

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