Chang, Y.R., et al. [42]2012108PG with chemotherapy12.7 mo0.010757Nonresection with chemotherapy11.2 mo57PG, no chemotherapy4.8 mo0.15135No resection, no chemotherapy4.1 moChen, S., et al. [53]201242PG
Patient with lymph node metastases13.75 mo<0.00138No surgery
Patient with lymph node metastases8.5 mo25PG + hepatectomy,
Patient with liver metastases28.9 mo<0.00129PG without hepatectomy,
Patient with liver metastases18.5 mo106No surgery,
Patient with liver metastases13.8 mo107PG,
Late-stage patient25.1 mo0.010785No surgery,
Late-stage patient10.6 mo21PG,
Multi-organ metastases7.9 mo>0.0583No surgery,
Multi-organ metastases7.8 moCheon, S.H., et al. [54]200822PG + hepatectomy, R0 resection17 mo<0.00119PG + hepatectomy, R1/2 + RFA21.7 mo0.196317Palliative gastrectomy8.1 mo0.0184Cheong, J.-H., et al. [55]2007154Gastrectomy +/− cytoreductive resection + intraperitoneal chemo11.4mo0.018R0 = 37Gastrectomy +/− cytoreductive resection + intraperitoneal chemo25.5<0.001R1 = 56Gastrectomy +/− cytoreductive resection + intraperitoneal chemo15.6R2 = 61Gastrectomy +/− cytoreductive resection + intraperitoneal chemo7.2Chiu, C.-F., et al. [56]2016137PG age < 6016.9 mo<0.001No surgery < 607.6 moPG age > 608.7 mo0.252No surgery > 606.6 mo137PG with normal CEA/CA 19-914.7 mo0.001No surgery with normal CEA/CA 19-97.1moPG with high CEA/CA 19-95.2 mo0.271No surgery with high CEA/CA 19-95.5 moHartgrink, H.H., et al. [57]2002105Palliative gastrectomy,
Patient with 1 “positive” sign ^†10.5 mo0.03444No resection,
Patient with 1 “positive” sign6.7 mo51Palliative gastrectomy,
Patient with 2 or more “positive” signs5.7 mo0.08485No resection,
Patient with 2 or more “positive” signs4.6 moHe, M.-M., et al. [58]201354PG,
Patient with single metastatic site25.70 mo0.00163No surgery,
Patient with single metastatic site14.63 mo39Palliative gastrectomy,
Patient with lymph node metastases24.43 mo0.00254No surgery,
Patient with lymph node metastases9.13 mo82Palliative gastrectomy,
Patient with peritoneal metastases21.30 mo<0.00181No surgery,
Patient with peritoneal metastases10.37 mo40Palliative gastrectomy,
Patient with multiple metastatic sites15.73 mo0.010121No surgery,
Patient with multiple metastatic sites9.67 moPalliative gastrectomy22.47 mop < 0.05 compared to no surgery,
p > 0.05 when compared between surgery typesMetastasectomy only50.00 moPG + Metastasectomy46.93 moNo surgery10.37 moPG age < 7028.70 mo<0.001No surgery age < 7010.37 moPG age ≥ 7023.07 mo0.031No surgery age ≥ 7010.27 moHsu, J.T., et al. [43]2017124PG with chemotherapy9.73 mo<0.00183No resection with chemotherapy7.86 mo69PG, no chemotherapy4.54 mo57No resection, no chemotherapy2.93 moAge < 58 vs. ≥580.045Albumin ≤ 3 vs. >30.003LN ratio > 0.58 vs. ≤0.580.047Kahlke, V., et al. [59]200452PG,
Patient with major symptoms4 mop < 0.05,
when comparing pts with major symptoms to minor symptoms regardless of type of operation71PG,
Patient with minor symptoms6 mo12Non-resection operation,
Patient with major symptoms5 mo15Non-resection operation,
Patient with minor symptoms5 moKim, K.H., et al. [60]201142PG + Metastasectomy28.0 mop < 0.001
p = 0.02447Palliative gastrectomy15.5 mo185No surgery, chemo only9.0 moECOG 1–2 vs. ECOG 3–4<0.001Tumor location, upper 1/3 vs. distal0.038Kulig, P., et al. [61]2012415PG10.6 mo<0.001536Non-resection operation4.4 moECOG 0–1 vs. ECOG 2–40.005Kunisaki, C., et al. [44]200851PG with chemotherapy<0.00195PGDifferentiated vs. undifferentiated histologic cell type0.002Absence vs. presence hematogenous metastases<0.001No peritoneal metastases vs. CY1/P10.003No peritoneal metastases vs. P2/P3<0.001Absence vs. presence of remnant lymph node metastases<0.001Li, J., et al. [62]201746Gastrectomy and hepatectomy43mo0.02173Gastrectomy and RFA/TACE37moLin, S.Z., et al. [45]2008183PG80.3% 1 yr OSp < 0.001
p = 0.002112PG with chemotherapy85.7% 1 yr OS206Non-resection operation33.5% 1 yr OS65PG,
Patient with liver metastases53.7% 1 yr OS<0.00190Non-resection operation,
Patient with liver metastases25.6% 1 yr OS69Chemotherapy,
Patient with liver metastases46.5% 1 yr OS0.00286No chemotherapy,
Patient with liver metastases30.2% 1 yr OS114PG
Patient with peritoneal metastases72% 1 yr OS<0.001122Non-resection operation,
Patient with peritoneal metastases14.8% 1 yr OS105Chemotherapy,
Patient with peritoneal metastases53.5% 1 yr OS<0.001131No chemotherapy,
Patient with peritoneal metastases31.2% 1 yr OS33PG,
Patient with lymph node metastases66.7% 1 yr OS<0.00142Non-resection operation,
Patient with lymph node metastases19.1% 1 yr OS36Chemo,
Patient with lymph node metastases44.4% 1 yr OS0.45039No chemo,
Patient with lymph node metastases35.1% 1 yr OSLupaşcu, C., et al. [46]201030PG with chemotherapy17.8 mo<0.00125Palliative gastrectomy8.9 mo45Chemotherapy6.4 moNelen, S.D., et al. [47]2017235PG with chemotherapy,
Patient < 70 yo26.7% 2 yr OS<0.0011106PG
Patient < 70 yo21.6% 2 yr OS1935Chemotherapy
Patient < 70 yo6.3% 2 yr OS58PG with chemotherapy,
Patient ≥ 70 yo24.1% 2yr OS0.0271415PG,
Patient ≥ 70 yo14.7% 2 yr OS640Chemotherapy,
Patient ≥ 70 yo4.6% 2 yr OS6903Female vs. Male
Patient < 70 yo<0.001Anatomically isolated vs. overlapping tumor location,
Patient < 70 yo<0.001Well-differentiated vs. undifferentiated tumor,
Patient < 70 yo0.004Moderately differentiated vs. undifferentiated tumor,
Patient < 70 yo0.0088108Decreasing age (continuous variable)
Patients ≥ 70 yo<0.001Female vs. male
Patients ≥ 70 yo<0.001Anatomically isolated vs. overlapping tumor location,
Patients ≥ 70 yo<0.001Adenocarcinoma vs. non-adenocarcinoma
Patients ≥ 70 yo<0.001Nie, R.C., et al. [51]2016345PG11.87 mo0.006402No resection9.27 mo747Single vs. Multi-site metastases<0.0015–8 cycles vs. <5 cycles of chemotherapy<0.001> 8 cycles vs. ≤8 cycles of chemotherapy<0.001Saidi, R.F., et al. [63]200612PG with chemotherapy16.3 mo0.02012PG8.5 mo34Chemotherapy5.9 mo47No treatment5.2 moSougioultzis, S., et al. [48]2011218Palliative gastrectomy53 mo<0.00193No resection16 moCombination vs. single agent chemotherapy0.013Absence vs. presence of liver metastases<0.001Absence vs. presence of peritoneal metastases0.024Grade 1–2 vs. Grade 3–40.007CA 72-4 ≤ 7 vs. >70.034Not elevated vs. elevated LDH<0.001Weight loss ≤ 5% vs. >5%<0.001No blood transfusion vs. blood transfusion0.00166Low risk (0–2 factors from MV analysis)76 mo<0.001197Intermediate risk (3–6 factors)40 mo48High risk (7–9 factors)11 moTiberio, G.A.M., et al. [50]201598Palliative gastrectomy6.6 mo0.00944Non-resection operation3 moT1–2 vs. T3–40.0361 hepatic metastasis vs. 2–3 hepatic metastases0.003Chemotherapy vs. no chemotherapy<0.001Tokunaga, M., et al. [38]201282PG13.1 mo0.41066No resection12.0 mo121Chemotherapy13.7 mo0.04827No chemotherapy7.1 moECOG 0–1 vs. ECOG 2–4<0.001Macroscopic type 3 vs. others0.00618P1 metastasis with R0 resection26.4 mo<0.00116P1 metastasis with R1/R2 resection12.3 mo6P1 metastasis with chemotherapy only12.5 moYang, K., et al. [64]2015114PG, all patients14.0 mo<0.0001153Non-resection, all patients8.57 moPG with chemotherapy18.37 mo<0.0001Non-resection with chemotherapy11.77 moPG without chemotherapy8.90 mo<0.0001NR without chemotherapy4.73 moP1–2 vs. P3 peritoneal metastases<0.0001Yao, G.L., et al. [65]201518PG + hepatectomy (H1 or H2) + HAC24 mo0.00231PG + HAC12 moYuan, S.Q., et al. [49]201730Palliative gastrectomy23.6 mo0.03430No resection13.8 moFirst line chemotherapy, ≤5 cycles vs. >5 cycles<0.00120R0 resection43.6 mo<0.00110R1/2 resection11.27 mo30No resection13.8 moZhang, J.Z., et al. [66]2011197PG16.4 mo<0.0578Bypass5.7 mo102Exploratory laparotomy4.7 mo152No surgery5.5 mo114PG + D0 lymphadenectomy16.1 mo>0.0583PG + D2 lymphadenectomy16.8 mo