Diagnostics, Vol. 16, Pages 494: Systemic Inflammatory and Hematological Profiles in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Study from a Senegalese Cohort

Diagnostics doi: 10.3390/diagnostics16030494

Authors:
Nènè Oumou Kesso Barry
Mamadou Sow
Pape Matar Kandji
Ndeye Khady Ngom
Moustapha Djité
Mouhamad Sy
Salif Baldé
Ulrich Igor Mbessoh Kengne
Amacoumba Fall
Siny Ndiaye
Ndeye Marème Thioune
Jaafar Thiam
Amadi Amadou Sow
Fidèle Kiema
Cheikh Tidiane Gassama
Simbi Celestin Kitungwga
Yacine Mbacke
Marième Guetti
Marie Masesi Lusasi
Fatou Gueye Tall
El Hadj Malick Ndour
Amy Gaye
Aboubacar Dit Tietie Bissan
Mariama Touré
Aïta Sène
Assiatou Barry
Saikou Oumar Diallo
Dominique Doupa
Najah Fatou Coly
Cherif Dial
Ahmadou Dem
Sidy Ka
Pascal Reynier
Papa Madieye Gueye

Background/Objectives: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype associated with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Inflammatory and hematological biomarkers have emerged as potential tools for disease characterization, particularly in low-resource settings. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted between July 2022 and February 2024 at Dalal Jamm Hospital in Dakar, Senegal, and included 120 women: 40 with TNBC, 40 with hormone-dependent breast cancer (HDBC), and 40 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected at diagnosis before any treatment to measure complete blood counts and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Inflammatory ratios—neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)—were calculated. Results: TNBC patients displayed a distinct inflammatory profile characterized by elevated neutrophil counts, CRP, NLR, and MLR, as well as reduced lymphocyte and basophil percentages compared to healthy controls. NLR > 1.12 demonstrated strong discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.847; sensitivity 90%; specificity 65%). Differences between TNBC and HDBC were less pronounced, except for CRP and basophil levels. Multivariate analysis confirmed independent associations of elevated NLR, CRP, and neutrophils with TNBC. Conclusions: These findings provide new insights into the inflammatory and hematological characteristics of TNBC in this population and support further investigation of accessible biomarkers for early disease stratification in similar settings.

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