Angelopoulos et al. [16]80 healthy amateur overhead adult athletes (age 23.03 ± 1.89)
TF: 20; IASTM: 20
IASTM + TF: 20
KT: 20Shoulder joint (dominant)Brand: Kinetic Floss (strength and size not reported)
Technique: not described (image shows 50% overlap pattern).TF to shoulder with PROM, AROM, and 1 kg ball toss for 10 min.IASTM
KT
IASTM + TF
Control (non-dominant)
10 min treatment each.IPT and total work.
One-arm seated shot put test.All groups showed equally significant changes immediately and post 45 min for the IPT, TW, and OASPT scores when compared to non-dominant control.Chang et al. [17]30 healthy recreational active adult men (age 24.1 ± 1.7)Knee jointBrand: Sanctband COMPRE Flossband Green (light—5 cm)
Technique: 50% overlap pattern.TF to knee with CKC for 3 min.EB with CKC for 3 min.IPT
Knee Proprioception
YBTTF showed greater significant changes immediately and post 20 min in IPT and YBT scores when compared to EB. No changes in proprioception.Wu et al. [24]20 healthy adult university women (age 21.8 ± 2.31)Knee jointBrand: Sanctband COMPRE Flossband Green (light—5 cm)
Technique: 50% overlap pattern.TF to knee with CKC for 3 min.
* All subjects: pre-test warm-up for 5 min.EB to knee with CKC for 3 min.SLBT
SLTHT
LESS TestBoth TF and EB showed equal non-significant changes immediate and post 20 mins for SLBT and SLTHT.
TF showed significantly greater LESS scores at post 20 min than EB.Kalc et al. [20]11 healthy young elite martial arts athletes (5 men/6 women) (age 16.6 ± 1.2)Ankle joint
Calf regionBrand: Medical Flossing Band (5.5 cm, strength not reported)
Technique (ankle): Figure 8 pattern with 50% overlap Technique (calf): 50% overlap pattern.TF to ankle.
TF to calf.
Both groups did no movement for 6 min (3 sets of 2 min).Control: intervention only for 6 min.MVIC
H reflexAll groups produce non- significant changes immediately and post 10 min in MVIC.
H reflex decreased with TF to ankle and calf up to 10 min post. TF to calf resulted in a higher H reflex reduction.Driller & Overmayer [26]52 healthy recreational adult athletes (29 men/23 women)
(age 20.0 ± 4.0)
TF: 26; Control: 26Ankle jointBrand: Life Flossband (strength and size not reported)
Technique: Figure 8 pattern with 50% overlap.TF to ankle with AROM for 2 min.Control: AROM only for 2 min.Single-leg CMJTF showed significant immediate changes in single-leg CMJ height and velocity.
No significant changes in the control.Driller et al. [27]69 healthy recreational adult athletes (32 men/37 women)
(age 19.0 ± 2.0)
TF: 38; Control: 31Ankle jointBrand: Life Flossband (band strength and size not reported)
Technique: Figure 8 pattern with 50% overlap.TF to ankle with AROM for 2 min.
* All subjects: pre-test warm-up for 5 min.Control: AROM only for 2 min.CMJ
15 m sprint testThe TF group showed small but non-significant changes at all time points up to 45 min in CMJ and sprint times when compared to control. A small effect was found for both outcomes at 30 min and 45 min post.Mills et al. [30]14 healthy professional adult male rugby athletes (age 23.9 ± 2.7)Ankle jointBrand: Life Flossband (strength and size not reported)
Technique: Figure 8 pattern with 50% overlap.TF to ankle with AROM for 2 min.
* All subjects: pre-test warm-up for 5 min.Control: AROM only for 2 min.CMJ
5–20 m sprint testTF showed no significant changes post 5 min and post 30 min for CMJ and sprint times when compared to the control. TF showed small effect sizes for CMJ at post 5 min and for 10 m and 15 m sprint times at post 30 min.Huang et al. [32]18 healthy recreational adult women athletes
(age: 22.39 ± 2.73)Ankle joint
Calf regionBrand: Sanctband COMPRE Flossband Plum (Heavy—size not reported)
Technique (ankle): Figure 8 pattern with 50% overlap.
Technique (calf): 50% overlapping pattern.TF to calf and ankle with CKC.
* All subjects: pre-test warm-up for 2 × 10 reps.CKC exercise only (3 × 15 reps).FHTTF to ankle showed significant changes in FHT agility up to post 60 min. TF to calf showed significant changes only at post 5 min.
CKC exercise only resulted in significant changes at post 30 and post 60 min.Moon et al. [33]25 healthy adults (age 29.4 ± 3.6)Ankle jointBrand: Sanctband COMPRE Flossband Green (light—5 cm)
Technique: Figure 8 pattern with 50% overlap.TF to ankle with AROM for 2 min.Control: AROM only for 2 min.SLBT
YBTBoth TF and control showed
significant changes at post 20 min and post 40 min in SLBT and YBT scores.Paravlic et al. [31]19 healthy recreational adult university athletes (11 males, 8 females)
(age 23.1 ± 2.7)Thigh regionBrand: Sanctband COMPRE Flossband Plum (heavy—5 cm)
Technique: 50% overlap pattern.TF to thigh with AROM and CKC for 6 min (3 × 2 min).Control: TF to thigh with low band pressure with AROM and CKC for 6 min.
Warm-up: bike, dynamic stretching, and CMJ for 5 min.CMJTF flossing resulted in non-significant changes in CMJ at all post time points when compared to control.
The warm-up condition results in significant changes in CMJ at all post time points.Maust et al. [29]21 healthy recreationally active adults (8 men/13 women)
(age 22.62 ± 2.99)Thigh regionBrand: not reported (10.16 cm—strength not reported)
Technique: 50% overlap pattern.TF to thigh with AROM and CKC for 6 min (3 × 2 min).
* All subjects: pre-test warm-up for 5 min.TF sham with AROM and CKC for 6 min.
Control: AROM and CKC only for 6 min.Single-leg CMJTF showed non-significant immediate changes in single-leg CMJ when compared to control and sham conditions.Hamadus et al. [19]66 healthy recreational adult athletes (21 men/45 women) (age 21.4 ± 2.15)
Warm-up + TF: 36
Control: 30Thigh regionBrand: Sanctband COMPRE Flossband Plum (heavy—5 cm)
Technique: 50% overlap pattern.Warm-up exercises with TF to thigh.
* All subjects: pre-test warm-up for 8 min.Control: warm-up only with no TF.IPTP, total work, and powerBoth TF and control showed non-significant immediate changes in IPTP, total work, and power.Kaneda et al. [21]20 healthy recreational adult male athletes (age 22.5 ± 1.0)Calf regionBrand: Sanctband COMPRE Flossband Blueberry (medium—5 cm)
Technique: 50% overlap pattern.TF to calf with AROM and PROM for 4 min (2 × 2 min, 2 min rest in between).Static stretching for 5 min.
Control: rest 6 min.MVIC
RFDTF showed greater significant changes at post 5 min in MVIC and RFD when compared to static stretching.Kaneda et al. [22]17 healthy adult men
(age 23.2 ± 1.1)Thigh regionBrand: Sanctband COMPRE Flossband Blueberry (medium—5 cm)
Technique: 50% overlap pattern.TF with AROM and PROM for 4 min.Dynamic stretching for 4 min.
Control: AROM 20 × 2 sets (2 min rest between sets).MVIC
MVEC
RFDTF showed greater significant immediate post changes in MVEC than the dynamic stretching and control condition.Konrad et al. [23]16 healthy adult men
(age 25.69 ± 4.1)Thigh regionBrand: Artzt Vitality Flossband (standard—5.5 cm)
Technique: 50% overlap pattern.TF to thigh with CKC for 2 min.Control: CKC for 2 min without TF.MVIC
CMJTF showed significant immediate post changes in MVIC but non-significant post changes for CMJ when compared to control.Vogrin et al. [18]19 healthy recreationally trained adults (14 men/5 women)
(age 23.8 ± 4.8)Thigh regionBrand: Medical Flossing Band (5 cm-strength no reported)
Technique: 50% overlap pattern.TF thigh low: (100–140 mmHg).
TF thigh high: (150–210 mmHg).
* groups used AROM for 6 min.
* All subjects: pre-test warm-up for 5 min.Control: TF (20 mmHg) to thigh with AROM for 6 min.MVICTF low pressure showed significant changes immediately and post 30 min in MVIC of knee extensors when compared to the TF high-pressure condition and control.Galis & Cooper [25]30 healthy university adults (16 men/14 women)
(age 21.50 ± 2.57)Calf regionBrand: Medical Flossing Band (5 cm-strength no reported)
Technique: 50% overlap pattern.TF calf (150 mmHg).
TF calf (200 mmHg).
* both groups used AROM and CKC for 2 min.
* All subjects: pre-test warm-up for 5 min.Control: TF to calf (<5 mmHg) with AROM and CKC for 2 min.IPTPTF (150), TF (200), and control showed non-significant immediate changes for IPTP plantar flexion.
TF (150) showed non-significant immediate changes for IPTP dorsiflexion but a small effect when compared to the TF (200) and control.Klich et al. [28]32 healthy adult male university athletes
(age 22 ± 1.5)Calf regionBrand: Artzt Vitality Flossband (strength and size not reported)
Technique: 50% overlap pattern.TF to calf with AROM and CKC for 2 min.
* All subjects: pre-test warm-up for 5 min.Self-myofascial rolling (3 sets of 30 ss)
Control: restCMJ
15 M sprintTF showed significant changes in CMJ from post 15 min to post 60 min. TF showed significant changes in sprint times for all time points up to post 60 min.
Self-myofascial rolling showed significant changes in sprint times at post 5 min to post 30 min.