Microorganisms, Vol. 13, Pages 1811: Unveiling the Genetic Landscape of Canine Papillomavirus in the Brazilian Amazon

Microorganisms doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13081811

Authors:
Jeneffer Caroline de Macêdo Sousa
André de Medeiros Costa Lins
Fernanda dos Anjos Souza
Higor Ortiz Manoel
Cleyton de Araújo
Lorena Yanet Cáceres Tomaya
Paulo Henrique Gilio Gasparotto
Vyctoria Malayhka de Abreu Góes Pereira
Acácio Duarte Pacheco
Fernando Rosado Spilki
Mariana Soares da Silva
Felipe Masiero Salvarani
Cláudio Wageck Canal
Flavio Roberto Chaves da Silva
Cíntia Daudt

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are double-stranded DNA viruses known to induce a variety of epithelial lesions in dogs, ranging from benign hyperplasia to malignancies. In regions of rich biodiversity such as the Western Amazon, data on the circulation and genetic composition of canine papillomaviruses (CPVs) remain scarce. This study investigated CPV types present in oral and cutaneous papillomatous lesions in domiciled dogs from Acre and Rondônia States, Brazil. Sixty-one dogs with macroscopically consistent lesions were clinically evaluated, and tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination and PCR targeting the L1 gene. Among these, 37% were histologically diagnosed as squamous papillomas or fibropapillomas, and 49.2% (30/61) tested positive for papillomavirus DNA. Sequencing of the L1 gene revealed that most positive samples belonged to CPV1 (Lambdapapillomavirus 2), while one case was identified as CPV8 (Chipapillomavirus 3). Complete genomes of three CPV1 strains were obtained via high-throughput sequencing and showed high identity with CPV1 strains from other Brazilian regions. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed close genetic relationships among isolates across distinct geographic areas. These findings demonstrate the circulation of genetically conserved CPVs in the Amazon and reinforce the value of molecular and histopathological approaches for the accurate diagnosis and surveillance of viral diseases in domestic dogs, especially in ecologically complex regions.

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