Processes, Vol. 13, Pages 2091: Optimal Operation of a Two-Level Game for Community Integrated Energy Systems Considering Integrated Demand Response and Carbon Trading


Processes, Vol. 13, Pages 2091: Optimal Operation of a Two-Level Game for Community Integrated Energy Systems Considering Integrated Demand Response and Carbon Trading

Processes doi: 10.3390/pr13072091

Authors:
Jing Fu
Li Gong
Yuchen Wei
Qi Zhang
Xin Zou

In light of the current challenges posed by complex multi-agent interactions and competing interests in integrated energy systems, an economic optimization operation model is proposed. This model is based on a two-layer game comprising a one-master–many-slave structure consisting of an energy retailer, energy suppliers, and a user aggregator. Additionally, it considers energy suppliers to be engaged in a non-cooperative game. The model also incorporates a carbon trading mechanism between the energy retailer and energy suppliers, considers integrated demand response at the user level, and categorizes users in the community according to their energy use characteristics. Finally, the improved differential evolutionary algorithm combined with the CPLEX solver (v12.6) is used to solve the proposed model. The effectiveness of the proposed model in enhancing the benefits of each agent as well as reducing carbon emissions is verified through example analyses. The results demonstrate that the implementation of non-cooperative game strategies among ESs can enhance the profitability of ES1 and ES2 by 27.83% and 18.67%, respectively. Furthermore, the implementation of user classification can enhance user-level benefits by up to 39.51%.



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