Remote Sensing, Vol. 18, Pages 11: Wide-Area Spectrum Sensing for Space Targets Based on Low-Earth Orbit Satellite Constellations: A SRFlow Model for Electromagnetic Spectrum Map Reconstruction

Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs18010011

Authors:
You Fu
Youchen Fan
Liu Yi
Shunhu Hou
Yufei Niu
Shengliang Fang

To address the need for wide-area electromagnetic spectrum sensing of space targets from sparse Low-Earth Orbit constellation observations, this paper proposes SRFlow, a flow-matching generative model. We first construct a high-fidelity dataset covering diverse scenarios via STK-MATLAB co-simulation. By integrating multi-source priors and an iterative measurement injection strategy, SRFlow achieves high-quality reconstruction of full spectrum maps from sparse measurements. Experiments demonstrate that SRFlow significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, including the physics-informed diffusion model RMDM, in both reconstruction accuracy (NMSE/SSIM) and computational efficiency (parameters/inference time), under both known and unknown target-position conditions. Moreover, it trains nearly an order of magnitude faster than diffusion models. This work contributes the first dedicated dataset for space-based spectrum sensing, introduces the accurate and efficient SRFlow model, and establishes a rigorous benchmark for future research.

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