Sci, Vol. 7, Pages 160: Investigation and Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Hair-Dye Products Sold in Brazil and Paraguay
Authors:
Gelson Martins da Silva
Marta Aratuza Pereira Ancel
Regiane Santana da Conceição Ferreira Cabanha
Amanda Lucy Farias de Oliveira
Ana Carla Pinheiro Lima
Andréia Cristina Lopes Corrêa
Marcelo Luiz Brandão Vilela
Diego Azevedo Zoccal Garcia
Omar Dias Lacerda
Elaine Silva de Padua Melo
Ademir da Silva Alves Junior
Valter Aragão do Nascimento
Hair dyes are widely used cosmetic products that can contain trace metals and metalloids, posing potential health risks through dermal exposure. This study aimed to assess and compare the concentrations of selected metals and metalloids in six brands of commercial hair dyes sold in Brazil and Paraguay and to evaluate their average daily dermal exposure doses, hazard quotients, hazard indices, and carcinogenic risk. Concentrations of Cr, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, As, Al, Pb, Ba, Ag, and Zn in hair dye were quantified by standardized analytical methods. The Paraguayan brand showed the highest levels for several elements, including As (4.17 mg/kg), Al (130.276 mg/kg), and Fe (30.033 mg/kg). Estimated dermal exposure doses reached up to 3.35 × 10−6 mg/kg/day for arsenic, 1.68 × 10−3 mg/kg/day for aluminum, and 8.59 × 10−8 mg/kg/day for chromium. Although all hazard indices remained below 1, suggesting low non-carcinogenic risk, the calculated carcinogenic risk for arsenic in the Paraguayan product was 1.23 × 10−5, entering the medium-risk range. These findings highlight relevant differences in raw material control and potential cumulative health risks, especially for frequent users. Continuous quality control, harmonized regulatory standards, clear labeling, and further biomonitoring studies are strongly recommended to minimize long-term exposure to toxic elements in hair dye formulations and to ensure safer consumer products.
Source link
Gelson Martins da Silva www.mdpi.com
