Symmetry, Vol. 17, Pages 1341: Symmetry Disruption and Fault Mechanisms in Aircraft Power Supply Systems: A Review

Symmetry doi: 10.3390/sym17081341

Authors:
Zhaoyang Zeng
Jinkai Wang
Qingyu Zhu
Changqi Qu
Xiaochun Fang

The aircraft power supply system plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability and safety of airborne avionics. With the evolution toward more electric and all-electric aircraft, its architecture increasingly adopts symmetrical configurations, such as dual-redundant paths and three-phase balanced outputs. However, these symmetry-based designs are often disrupted by diverse fault mechanisms encountered in complex operational environments. This review contributes a comprehensive and structured analysis of how such fault events lead to symmetry-breaking phenomena across different subsystems, including generators, converters, controllers, and distribution networks. Unlike previous reviews that treat faults in isolation, this study emphasizes the underlying physical mechanisms and hierarchical fault propagation characteristics, revealing how structural coupling and multi-physics interactions give rise to failure modes. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions in symmetry-aware fault modeling and intelligent maintenance strategies, aiming to address the growing complexity and reliability demands of next-generation aircraft.

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Zhaoyang Zeng www.mdpi.com