Technologies, Vol. 13, Pages 292: A Review of Assistive Devices in Synovial Joints: Records, Trends, and Classifications

Technologies doi: 10.3390/technologies13070292

Authors:
Filiberto Cruz-Flores
Ana L. Sánchez-Brito
Rafael Campos Amezcua
Agustín Barrera Sánchez
Héctor R. Azcaray Rivera
Arturo J. Martínez Mata
Andrés Blanco Ortega

This article presents a comprehensive review of assistive devices for synovial joints, addressing their definitions, classifications, and technological advancements. The historical evolution of artificial exoskeletons, orthoses, prostheses, and splints is analyzed, emphasizing their impact on rehabilitation and the enhancement of human mobility. Through a systematic compilation of scientific literature, patents, and medical regulations, the study clarifies terminology and classifications that have often been imprecisely used in scientific discourse. The review examines the biomechanical principles of the musculoskeletal system and the kinematics of synovial joints, providing a reference framework for the optimization and design of these devices. Furthermore, it explores the various types of artificial exoskeletons, and their classification based on structure, mobility, power source, and control system, as well as their applications in medical, industrial, and military domains. Finally, this study highlights the necessity of a systematic approach in the design and categorization of these technologies to facilitate their development, comparison, and effective implementation, ultimately improving users’ quality of life.

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Filiberto Cruz-Flores www.mdpi.com